If you're interested in planting pecan trees, you'll need to start with pecan seeds or nuts. Here's a cultivation details to help you get started:
Seed Selection: Use fresh pecans that are mature and fully developed. Look for nuts that have been harvested in the fall. Ideally, choose nuts from a variety known to perform well in your region.
Quality: Ensure that the nuts are free from mold or damage. Healthy nuts will have a firm shell and be relatively heavy for their size.
2. Preparation:
3. Planting:
Timing: Plant the seeds in the spring after the last frost date. In warmer climates, you can plant them in the fall.
Soil: Pecans prefer well-drained, sandy loam soil. Ensure the soil has good drainage to prevent root rot.
Depth: Plant the seeds about 1-2 inches deep. If you’ve removed the shell, place the seed with the pointed end down.
Spacing: Space your seeds about 10-15 feet apart if you’re planting multiple seeds, as pecan trees need room to grow.
4. Care:
5. Transplanting:
Seedlings: After the seedlings have grown to a height of 12-18 inches and have developed a good root system, you can transplant them to their permanent location.
6. Long-Term Care:
Pruning: As the trees grow, pruning can help shape them and improve air circulation.
Stratification: Pecan seeds need a period of cold stratification to germinate. Store the nuts in a damp medium like sand or peat moss in the refrigerator for about 2-3 months before planting. This simulates winter conditions.
Shell Removal: For better germination, you can crack open the shell lightly to expose the seed inside, but be careful not to damage the seed.
Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Regular watering helps the seeds to establish roots.
Fertilization: Once the seedlings are a few inches tall, you can start fertilizing them with a balanced fertilizer according to the product’s instructions.
Large trees should be treated with an NZn or zinc sulfate foliar spray every 2-4 weeks starting at bud break in March until June. (Applying fertilizer can get difficult as the tree gets taller.) If the newly planted tree is growing well by midsummer, apply a half pound of ammonium nitrogen based fertilizer about a foot from the trunk. If it hasn’t grown at least a foot taller, don’t fertilize until the second year.
Beginning in the second year and continuing for 15 years, apply a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer each month from March through June. See notes below for rates of various fertilizers. After 15 years, fertilize only in March and again in May. Broadcast the pecan tree fertilizer evenly out to the drip line and a little beyond, but do not place it within 10 inches of the trunk diameter.
Alternatively, use one of the commercial pecan fertilizers that combine zinc and nitrogen, according to label directions.
Your young pecan tree will need about an inch of rain or 15-25 gallons of water, per week. Mature pecan trees need 1-2 inches of rain per week, especially during the heat of summer. If rainfall is insufficient, you will have to irrigate, preferably with a drip system. See sidebar for rates of supplemental watering.
Where to buy : Planting material/seeds
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