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Sunday, December 1, 2013

Ceratonia siliqua plant for sale

The pulp in the seedpods of carob is very nutritious and, due to its high sugar content, sweet-tasting and mildly laxative. However, the pulp in the pods is also astringent and, used in a decoction, will treat diarrhoea and gently help to cleanse and also relieve irritation within the gut. Whilst these appear to be contradictory effects, carob is an example of how the body responds to herbal medicines in different ways, according to how the herb is prepared and according to the specific medical problem.


No of seeds 10 seeds/per packet
__________________
The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", 
Nambalbal
New Coloney Azizabad
Via Wuyan-Meej Road
Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home:
http://jkmpic.blogspot.in


Sage leaves

The soft, yet sweet savory flavor of sage along with its wonderful health-promoting properties is held in such high esteem that the International Herb Association awarded sage the title of "Herb of the Year" in 2001! Fresh, dried whole or powdered, sage is available throughout the year.
Sage leaves are grayish green in color with a silvery bloom covering. They are lance-shaped and feature prominent veins running throughout. Sage has been held in high regard throughout history both for it culinary and medicinal properties. Its reputation as a panacea is even represented in its scientific name, Salvia officinalis, derived from the Latin word, salvere, which means "to be saved." 
JK Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre,
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001. 
Ph: 09858986794, 01933-223705 
e-mail : jkmpic@gmail.com 

Himalayan Wild tomato seeds

Wild tomato-Solanum sisymbriifolium : These wild tomato have strong disease and blight resistance. Expect an abundant full season harvest, tomato cages work very well. Flavour is beyond compare.

Min seeds : 25 seeds per packet
Seeds are natural.Open-pollinated.Organic from Kashmir Himalaya
More details: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Friday, November 29, 2013

Friday, November 22, 2013

Chicory Seed

Chicory plant
Chicory is a very versatile plant that is equally cherished as a flower and as an herb. Chicory seeds can be planted in the most challenging of conditions, and actually tend to thrive in less-than-ideal soil. Though chicory is most famously used in teas, it has also traditionally been used to flavor coffees as well. Plant outdoors in a sunny spot with proper drainage.

Chicory seed/plants/leaves are available only for research purpose
Tags: Chicory seed leaf- Chicory  plant, Chicory Roots, Chicory  leaves,Cichorium intybus seed
More details:-
The JK Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House" Azizabad, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121

Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in
 

Artichoke seeds

Other name (s) : Green Globe 
Artichoke seeds
The Green Globe Artichoke is the king of the artichokes – it’s the one you’re most likely to find in your local supermarket or at your favorite restaurant. In addition to its delicious taste, the foliage of the Green Globe Artichoke is very attractive, and provides a welcomed aesthetic addition to the garden even after harvest.

Tags : Cynaria scolymus seed -Green Globe Artichoke- Artichokes - Vegetable seeds- Green Globe


More details:-
The JK Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House" Azizabad, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Thursday, November 21, 2013

Wild tomato-Solanum sisymbriifolium seeds

These wild tomato have strong disease and blight resistance. Expect an abundant full season harvest,tomato cages work very well. Flavour is beyond compare.

Min seeds : 25 seeds per packet
Seeds are natural.Open-pollinated.Organic from Kashmir Himalaya
More details: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Wednesday, November 20, 2013

Flowers of Himalayas

The Kashmir Valley or Vale of Kashmir is a valley located between the Karakoram and the Pir Panjal Range in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Flowers of Himalayas
Wild flowers of Kashmir
Flowers of Kashmir
Aromatic & Medicinal Plants
Herbal seeds of Kashmir
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Medicinal plants of Kashmir book
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Wild flowers of india
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Common indian wild flowers
Wild flower hall India
Wildflowers
Wild plants and flowers
Flowers of Himalayas
Flowers of the Kashmir Himalay


More details:-
The JK Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House" Azizabad, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Ginkgo seeds

Ginkgo is a genus of highly unusual non-flowering plants. The scientific name is also used as the English name. The genus first appeared in the Permian, 250 million years ago, possibly derived from "seed ferns" of the order Peltaspermales. The rate of evolution within the genus has been slow, and almost all its species had become extinct by the end of the Pliocene; the exception is the sole living species, Ginkgo biloba, which is only found in the wild in China, but is cultivated across the world. The relationships between ginkgos and other groups of plants are not fully resolved.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginkgo

Tags: Maidenhair Tree  -  Ginkgo biloba seeds  -  Ginkgo tree  -  Ginkgo tea leaves
         Ginkgo seeds       -   Ginkgo biloba tea     -  Ginkgo leaf Ginkgo leaves
         Ginkgo cultivation  -  Ginkgo Market   -  Ginkgo medicineHerbal medicine

Ginkgo biloba seed/plants are available
Seeds : Min. seeds  50 seeds per packet
Plants : Min 25-50 plants
Seeds are open-pollinated.Organic from Kashmir Himalaya

The JK Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre-JKMPIC
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob : 09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com

home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in




Saturday, November 16, 2013

Tulip bulbs, Lilium Bulbs, Iris Rhizomes sale in India

Flower plants Kashmir
Tulip garden previously named as Model Floriculture Centre, Sirajbagh, Cheshmashahi, Srinagar, is the largest Tulip garden of Asia spread over an area of about 12 hectares.

Buy Tulip bulbs, Lilium Bulbs, Iris Rhizomes from Kashmir


The JK Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
Mailing address : POB: 667 Srinagar SGR J&K Jammu and Kashmir 190001
Admin.office: "Ginkgo House"  Azizabad, 

Via Wuyan-Meej Road Nambalbal, 
Pampore PPR Jammu and Kashmir 192121
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e.mail: jkmpic@gmail.com, iirc@rediffmail.com

home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in
 

Tulips In Full Bloom
Tulip Garden Srinagar
Tulip Garden Kashmir
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Tulip Bulbs For Sale
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Lilium Bulbs
Lilium Flower Bulbs
Gladiolus  Flower Bulbs  

Iris Rhizomes
Iris Bulbs Sale In India



Friday, November 15, 2013

Carob Tree-Ceratonia siliqua tree sale

Ceratonia siliqua, commonly known as the carob tree and St John's-bread, is a species of flowering evergreen shrub or tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible legumes, and as an ornamental tree in gardens.


[Available in 25,50,100 seeds packet]
Only for research purpose

Seeds are open-pollinated.Organic

Wednesday, November 13, 2013

Cedrus deodara seed

Cedrus deodara is a species of cedar native to the Kashmir Himalayas,  in eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, northern India, southwesternmost Tibet and western Nepal,  occurring at 1,500–3,200 m altitude.

Cedrus deodara seeds are available

50 seeds per pkt
Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph : 09858986794, 01933-223705             
e-mail : jkmpic@gmail.com 

home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.com







Sunday, November 10, 2013

Asparagus officinalis seed

Asparagus officinalis is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species in the genus Asparagus.
Min seeds  5 seeds per pkt
Seeds are natural from Kashmir Himalaya 

Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph : 09858986794, 01933-223705             
e-mail : jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.com

Friday, November 8, 2013

Physalis alkekengi-Kaknaj plant

Physalis alkekengi seed
Winter Cherry
Latin name: Physalis alkekengi
Synonyms: Physalis franchetii
Family: Solanaceae (Nightshade Family, Potato Family)


Physalis alkekengi :The plant has a long history of herbal use, and an interesting chemistry, but it is seldom used in modern practice. The whole plant is antiphlogistic, antipyretic, antitussive and expectorant. It has been used in the treatment of urinary and skin diseases. Some caution is recommended since an overdose of the plant is said to easily precipitate an abortion. The fruit is aperient, strongly diuretic and lithontripic. It is used internally in the treatment of gravel, suppression of urine etc and is highly recommended in fevers and in gout. The fruit is harvested when fully ripe and can be used fresh, juiced or dried. The calyx should be removed. The leaves and stems are febrifuge and slightly tonic. They are used in the treatment of the malaise that follows malaria, and for weak or anaemic people. The fresh leaves have been used externally to make soothing poultices in the treatment of skin inflammations. The seed is used to promote early labour. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fruit. It is used in the treatment of kidney,prostate and bladder disorders.

Physalis alkekengi-Kaknaj plant : It removes stone and crystals from kidneys and helps in easy urination, also relieves kidney pain.

Parts available
Physalis alkekengi seed, Physalis alkekengi plant
Physalis alkekengi whole plant
Kaknaj plant
Kaknaj plant seed
Kaknaj plant whole herb 

The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"
Ginkgo House"
Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad, 
Via Wuyan-Meej Road, 
Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in 

Fossil Encrinite-Hajar al-yahood sale

It is a fossilised stone primarily containing silicate of lime. The Calx (Bhasma) is used as a diuretic and lithontriptic It is given in retention of urine and in disease of the urinary organs. Useful in renal and bladder calculi. It also removes stone and crystals from kidneys and bladder.

Available in 100,250 grams pkt
The Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad, Via Wuyan-Meej Road, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Ginkgo tree seeds

Ginkgo Seeds
Organic Ginkgo biloba seeds are available for sale
One year old Plants are also available
Min. 50 seeds per/pkt
Seeds are open-pollinated.Organic from Kashmir Himalaya
(Seeds are only for research purpose)

Saturday, November 2, 2013

Cardiospermum halicacabum

S8
Buy Seeds
Family : Sapindaceae (Soapberry family)
Common name : Balloon Vine, Love-in-a-puff, heart pea, heartseed
Cardiospermum halicacabum-Balloon Vine is a woody perennial vine distributed almost globally in the tropics. It is a fast growing vine up to 10 feet. Leaves are trifoliate, up to 4 inches long, with highly lobed leaflets. The plant climb with tendrils and needs some form of support.

The small white flowers bloom from summer through fall, flowers are not very showy. The fruit is more interesting, from which the plant gets its common name. It is a brown, thin-shelled, inflated angled capsule up to 3 cm across, containing 3 black seeds each, with a white heart-shaped scar.

Part used : Whole plant,young leaf,roots,leaves, seeds
Actions : Anti-vatha, Analgesic, Diuretic, Laxative, Stomachic, Anti-inflammatory.

Medicinal uses of Cardiospermum halicacabum : : The oil prepared from the leaves acts as a very effective external application for arthritis and other painful conditions of the body.2 to 3 drops of juice of the leaves can be used as a ear drops for ear ache, purulent discharge from ears.

The decoction prepared from the roots can be given for haemorrhoids.
The leaves can be crushed well, ground and applied over the lower abdomen of the delivered woman. This helps in expulsion of waste products out of the uterus.
The decoction prepared from the samoolam or whole plant can be given in the dose of 20 to 30 ml for constipation and abdominal discomfort.

For hydrocele the leaves can be applied as an external paste over the scrotum.
For any inflammation, the leaves cooked in castor oil is ground and applied over the affected areas.
For dandruff, the leaves are soaked in water and then crushed well. This water is used in cleaning the hairs. The oil prepared from the paste of the leaves and gingilly oil can be used as a hair tonic and cure for dandruff.

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The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House"
Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad,
Via Wuyan-Meej Road
Pampore PPR J&K 192121

POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in
Agriculture For The Future


Friday, November 1, 2013

Viola odorata flower plant

Viola odorata plant
Sweet Violet
Latin name : Viola odorata Cashmerina
Family : Violaceae (Violet Family)
English Name : Sweet Violet, Sweet-Scented Violet, Garden Violet, Heartease


Sweet violet has a long and proven history of folk use, especially in the treatment of cancer and whooping cough. It also contains salicylic acid, which is used to make aspirin. It is therefore effective in the treatment of headaches, migraine and insomnia. The whole plant is anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, and laxative. It is taken internally in the treatment of bronchitis, respiratory catarrh, coughs, asthma, and cancer of the breast, lungs or digestive tract. Externally, it is used to treat mouth and throat infections. The plant can either be used fresh, or harvested when it comes into flower and then be dried for later use. The flowers are demulcent and emollient. They are used in the treatment of biliousness and lung troubles. The petals are made into a syrup and used in the treatment of infantile disorders. The roots is a much stronger expectorant than other parts of the plant but they also contain the alkaloid violine which at higher doses is strongly emetic and purgative. They are gathered in the autumn and dried for later use. The seeds are diuretic and purgative. They have been used in the treatment of urinary complaints are considered to be a good remedy for gravel. A homeopathic remedy is made from the whole fresh plant. It is considered useful in the treatment of spasmodic coughs and rheumatism of the wrist. An essential oil from the flowers is used in aromatherapy in the treatment of bronchial complaints, exhaustion and skin complaints.

Chemical constituents : Rhizomes contain glycoside-methyl salicylate, an alkaloid violine, a glycoside-violequarcitin which is identical to rutin, and saponin. Leaves and flowers contain methl salicylate.

Edible parts of Sweet Violet : Young leaves and flower buds - raw or cooked. Usually available all through the winter. The leaves have a very mild flavour, though they soon become quite tough as they grow older. They make a very good salad, their mild flavour enabling them to be used in bulk whilst other stronger-tasting leaves can then be added to give more flavour. When added to soup they thicken it in much the same way as okra. Also used as a flavouring in puddings etc. A tea can be made from the leaves. Flowers - raw. Used to decorate salads and desserts. A sweet mild flavour with a delicate perfume, the flowers are an especially welcome decoration for the salad bowl since they are available in late winter. The flowers are also used fresh to flavour and colour confectionery. A soothing tea can be made from the leaves and flowers. A leaf extract is used to flavour sweets, baked goods and ice cream.

Other uses of the 
Sweet Violet : An essential oil from the flowers and leaves is used in perfumery. 1000kg of leaves produces about 300 - 400g absolute. The flowers are used to flavour breath fresheners. A pigment extracted from the flowers is used as a litmus to test for acids and alkalines. Plants can be grown as a ground cover when spaced about 30cm apart each way. They make an effective weed-excluding cover.

Propagation of Sweet Violet :
Seed - best sown in the autumn in a cold frame. The seed requires a period of cold stratification and the germination of stored seed can be erratic. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and plant them out in the summer. Division in the autumn or just after flowering. Larger divisions can be planted out direct into their permanent positions, though we have found that it is best to pot up smaller divisions and grow them on in light shade in a greenhouse or cold frame until they are growing away well. Plant them out in the summer or the following spring.

Plant/seeds are available

More details:
Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre-JKMPIC

POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com, jkmpic@yahoo.in
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.com

Himalayan flowe seeds

Natural Vegetable seed
Fruit Plants
Fruit Seeds
Medicinal Plants
Herbal Medicinal Seeds
Dried Herbs
Himalayan Flower seeds

Are all seeds available on your site Non-GMO?
Absolutely! We can't stand the idea of what we refer to as "mad-scientist" seeds, and will never - no matter what incentive is offered to us - carry them on our site  


More details

The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad,
Via Wuyan-Meej Road, Pampore PPR J&K 192121

Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in
 




Thursday, October 31, 2013

Genovese Basil seed

Basil Sweet Genovese seed
Genovese Basil
Basil Sweet Genovese Ocimum Basilicum Genovese
    
Genovese Basil is widely regarded as the best for pesto and garlic-flavored dishes.  Plants grow 20 to 30” and may yield up to 7 or 8 cuttings each! Medium dark green  leaves average 2 to 3” in length and have a strong spicy fragrance and taste.

Basil cultivars vary in several ways. Visually, the size and shape of the leaves varies  greatly, from the large lettuce-like leaves of the Mammoth basil and Lettuce leaf basil to the tiny leaves of the Dwarf bush basil. More practically, the fragrance of the basil
varies due to the varying types and quantities of essential oils contained in the plants.

The most important are 1,8 cineol, linalool, citral, methyl chavicol (estragole), eugenol
and methyl cinnamate, although hardly any basil contains all of these in any significant amount.

Buy seed/fruits for medicinal/propgation purpose
Min seeds : 50 seeds/pkt
The Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre-JKMPIC
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Carob-Ceratonia siliqua seed in India

Ceratonia siliqua seed
Ceratonia siliqua
Family: Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae

Common names
(Arabic) : kharrub
(Catalan)
: garrofer, garrover
(English) : carob bean, carob tree, locust bean, St. John’s bread
(French) : caroubier
(German) : johannisbrotbaum, karubenbaum
(Greek) : charaoupi
(Italian) : carrubo
(Malay) : gelenggang
(Mandarin) : chiao-tou-shu
(Portuguese) : alfarrobeira
(Spanish) : algarrobo, garrover
(Thai) : chum het tai
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Carob fruit (pots)-Seeds
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We are proud to offer 100% Heirloom Non-Hybrrid Seeds to all our customers


No of seeds 25 seeds/per packet
__________________
The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad, 

Via Wuyan-Meej Road, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Wednesday, October 30, 2013

Physalis alkekengi seed

Physalis alkekengi fruit
Most Men Don't Pay Attention to Their Prostate Until it Becomes a Problem. Are You Giving Your Prostate the Attention it Needs ?
If you're over 40, chances are your prostate is making itself very well known to you. Prostate problems are  one of the most common problems affecting men today. In fact, an estimated 90% of all men have prostate issues.
Many men just deal with it or tend to ignore their discomfort

An Enlarging Prostate May be an Early Warning Sign of More Serious Prostate Problems
Over time, an enlarging prostate can cause many inconveniences, such as having to get up several times during  the night, needing to take frequent bathroom breaks all day long, the loss of your sexual performance, and pain  or burning during urination.

Not only are these symptoms disruptive, inconvenient and embarrassing, they may be early warning signs of more  serious prostate problems.

A strong offense is the best defense and that is particularly true for your prostate health. It's important to  see your doctor for regular check-ups and eat a healthy diet. Supplementation can also be a great addition.

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Prostate disease and herbal treatment
This medicinal plant belongs to the Solanaceae plant family.
The scientific name of this herb is Physalis alkekengi. The Physalis is a perennial herb of 0.75 m. high and has an underground rhizome. At the top of the stems white or yellow flowers bloom.

The cup of the herb grows after flowering to form a vesicle (heart shaped) red to orange surrounding the fruit. This is a red berry.

Fresh fruits Physalis alkekengi are bitter and can be eaten in salads. The plant is widely used as an ornament.

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The fruits of this plant are used for medicinal purposes. Contains a bitter element, the fisalina, alkaloids, pigments, and plenty of vitamin C. Physalis has the following medicinal properties: diuretic, colds and flu (thanks to vitamin C), laxative, constipation, for the elimination of uric acid (kidney, urinary tract infections, gout and rheumatism).

Recipes for this herb: Infusion: to prepare an infusion with 15 or 30 g of ripe fruit of Physalis alkekengi in ½ liter of water. This infusion is used for diuretics.

Decoction : boil berries of this herb 15-20 for five minutes in one liter of water is allowed to stand and cool, strain the liquid and sweetened to taste. Contain purifying effect, drinking a glass in the morning.

Dust : The fruits of  Physalis alkekengi once dried crushed into a powder; it can take 2 to 3 gr. about 3 times a day. Grow your own.

Buy seed/fruits for medicinal/propgation purpose
The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, New Coloney Azizabad, 

Via Wuyan-Meej Road, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Saturday, October 26, 2013

Wild Kiwi seed plants

Natural Organic Wild Kiwi seed plants are available
Seed/plants are open-pollinated from Kashmir Himalaya

Min seeds : 50 seeds per pkt
More details:  
Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 09858986794,01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home : http://jkmpic.blogspot.in

Monday, October 21, 2013

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) tree

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba; in Chinese and Japanese 銀杏, pinyin romanization: yín xìng, Hepburn romanization: ichō or ginnan), also spelled gingko and also known as the maidenhair tree, is a unique species of tree with no close living relatives. The ginkgo is a living fossil, recognisably similar to fossils dating back 270 million years. Native to China, the tree is widely cultivated and was introduced early to human history. It has various uses in traditional medicine and as a source of food.
Min. seeds : 50 seeds per pkt
Min. plants : 25 plants per pkt

The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House"
Nambalbal, 
New Coloney Azizabad, 
Via Wuyan-Meej Road, 
Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com

home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in 

Saturday, October 19, 2013

Ceratonia siliqua-Carob cultivation

Ceratonia siliqua seed

Ceratonia siliqua cultivation


Non-fleshy and bean-like, the carob would not be generally regarded as a fruit, in the food-use sense, except for its sweetness. To many people it is familiar only by name as "St. John's Bread", in allusion to the "locusts" which, according to the Bible, sustained St. John the Baptist in the desert, and the "husks" which tempted the hungry Prodigal Son, though "no man gave unto him." The word "locust" was originally applied to the carob tree; later to migratory and other grasshoppers; and the name is attached to a number of other leguminous trees with pinnate leaves and oblong pods (Gleditsia, Hymenaea, Parkia, Robinia). The carob tree is called carrubo in Sicily, carrubio in Italy, algarrobo in Guatemala, alfarrobeira in Brazil.

The tree reaches 50 to 55 ft (15-17 m) in height and at an age of 18 years may have a trunk 33 in (85 cm) in circumference. The evergreen leaves are pinnate with 6 to 10 opposite leaflets, oval, rounded at the apex, dark-green, leathery, 1 to 2 1/2 in (2.5-6.25 cm) long. The tiny red flowers are in short, slender racernes borne in clusters along the branches–male, female or hermaphrodite on separate trees. The pod is light- to dark-brown, oblong, flattened, straight or slightly curved, with a thickened margin; 4 to 12 in (10-30 cm) long, 3/4 to 1 in (1-2.5 cm) wide, glossy, tough and fibrous. It is filled with soft, semi-translucent, pale-brown pulp, scant or plentiful, and 10 to 13 flattened, very hard seeds which are loose in their cells and rattle when the pod is fully ripe and dry. The unripe pod is green, moist and very astringent; the ripe pod sweet when chewed (avoiding the seeds) but the odor of the broken pod is faintly like Limburger cheese because of its 1.3% isobutyric acid content.

Alphonse de Candolle said that the carob "grew wild in the Levant, probably on the southern coast of Anatolia and in Syria, perhaps also in Cyrenaica. Its cultivation began within historic time. The Greeks diffused it in Greece and Italy, but it was afterwards more highly esteemed by the Arabs, who propagated it as far as Morocco and Spain. In all these countries the tree has become naturalized here and there in a less productive form . . . ".

In Spain and Portugal it survives only on their Atlantic coasts. Throughout the Mediterranean region, it is grown only in the warmest areas near the coast, and the neighboring islands–Cyprus, Crete, Sicily, Sardinia and Majorca. Producers in the Bari region of Italy on the Adriatic coast have long exported the pods to Russia and central Europe. Prince Belmonte in the Province of Salerno, Italy, was a leading influence in the 19th century in the use of the carob as an ornamental and avenue tree and in the planting of thousands for reforestation of the slopes of the Appenines.

Spanish missionaries introduced the carob into Mexico and southern California. In 1856, 8,000 seedlings, from seed brought in from Spain by the United States Patent Office, were distributed in the southern states. More seeds came from Israel in 1859. Many carobs were planted in Texas, Arizona, California and a few in Florida as ornamental and street trees. Seeds privately imported from Dalmatia were planted in California in 1873.

In the Mediterranean region, peasants have virtually lived on the pods in times of famine, but the tree is valued mostly as providing great amounts of pods as feed for livestock, as it is also in the State of Campinas, Brazil. Imported pods used to be regularly sold by street vendors in the Italian section of lower New York City for chewing. In the early 1920's, there was much promotion of carob culture in California, especially allied with the development of arid lands, and there was a flurry of activity in producing "health food" products from imported pods. Some of these products are still sold today, especially as substitutes for chocolate. Dr. J. Eliot Coit, of Vista, California, led in the study of the carob and wrote extensively on its potential improvement as a crop and its utilization.

In 1949, Dr. Walter Rittenhouse provided funds for the establishment of a 30-year test plot in northern San Diego County, where 400 local nursery seedlings and many trees grafted with Mediterranean budwood were planted and evaluated. Fruits from several thousand ornamental carob trees in California and Arizona were collected in an effort to identify superior types for human food use. Budwood of the most promising clones was supplied to horticulturists in Tunisia, Israel, Australia, South Africa, Hawaii, Mexico, Brazil and Chile.


Varieties
From more than 80 clones, 7 selections made by Coit were set out at the Citrus Research Center of the University of California for preservation. The 7 are, briefly:

'Amele'-an old commercial variety from Italy; S.P.I. #19437. Female. Pods light-brown, straight or slightly curved, 5 1/2 to 6 1/4 in (14-16 cm) long, 3/4 to 1 in (2-2.5 cm) wide; 53.8% sugar content under irrigation near Indio. Flavor good. Season: September at Indio; October at Vista.

'Casuda'-a very old cultivar from Spain. Female. Pod brown, mostly straight; 4 3/4 in (12 cm) long; 3/5 in (1.5 cm) wide; 51.7 % sugar at Vista; 56.7 % under irrigation at Indio. Flavor fair. Season: September at Indio; October at Vista.

'Clifford'-seedling street tree in Riverside. Hermaphrodite. Pod light-brown, slightly curved, 5 1/8 in (13 cm) long, 3/4 in (2 cm) wide; 52.9% sugar content. Flavor fair. Season: early October; bears regularly and heavily.

'Sfax'-from Menzel bou Zelfa, Tunisia; S.P.I. #187063. Female. Pod red-brown, straight or slightly curved; 6 in (15 cm) long, 3/4 in (2 cm) wide; 56.6% sugar at Vista, 45.6% at Indio. Excellent flavor. Season: August at Indio, September at Vista. A regular, medium-heavy bearer.

'Santa Fe'-seedling from Santa Fe Springs, California. Hermaphrodite; self-fertile. Pod light-brown, slightly curved, often twisted; 7 to 7 7/8 in (18-20 cm) long, 3/4 in (2 cm) wide; 47.5% sugar at Vista. Excellent flavor. Season: October. Bears regular, good crops. Good for coastal foothills. Not suited to irrigated culture at Indio.

'Tantillo'-from Sicily; S.P.I. #233580. Hermaphrodite. Pod dark-brown, mostly straight; 5 1/8 to 6 in (13-15 cm) long, 3/4 in (2 cm) wide. Of fair flavor. Season: mid-September to mid-October. Bears heavily and regularly.

'Tylliria'-from Cyprus; their chief export variety; S.P.I. # 189008. Female. Pod dark mahogany-brown, slightly curved, 6 in (15 cm) long, 3/4 to 1 in (2-2.5 cm) wide; 47.4% sugar at Vista; 50.9% at Indio; 48.8% in Cyprus. Good flavor. Season: mid-August to mid-September at Indio; October at Vista. Adapted to coastal foothills. (As reported from Cyprus, seed content is 7.6 to 10.6%; pod contains 51 % sugar and the seeds 49% gum).

These 7 superseded some older cultivars, including 'Bolser', 'Conejo', 'Gabriel', 'Horne', and 'Molino'; all hermaphroditic.

Other common cultivars in Cyprus are:

'Koundourka'-a tree with weeping branches; mature pods generally less than 6 1/2 in (17 cm) long; they split readily; have 14.7% seeds with a high (58%) gum content.

'Koumbota'-a large-growing tree with "knotty" pods with low seed content. Pods contain 53% sugar; seeds, 53% gum.
Grafted types are classed as 'Imera'. The name 'Apostolika' is a general term for seedlings of fair quality. Wild types as a group are called 'Agria'.

Pollination
In a planting of female trees, one male should be included for every 25 or 30 females. In southern Europe, branches from male trees are grafted onto some of the females in an orchard instead of interplanting male trees.

Climate
The carob is slightly hardier than the sweet orange. Young trees suffer frost damage. Mature tees can endure a temperature drop to 20º F (-6.67º C). Frost during the blooming period will reduce or prevent fruit-set. The tree does best in a Mediterranean-type climate with cool, not cold, winters, mild to warm springs, and warm to hot summers with little or no rain. Temperatures in carob-growing regions of Israel may reach 104º to 122º F (40º-50º C) in summer. Ideal annual precipitation is 30 in (75 cm), but widely spaced trees will thrive with only 6 to 15 in (15-37.5 cm) without irrigation in mild climates. The pods should not be exposed to rain or heavy dew after they have turned brown and developed a high sugar content. Wet pods ferment quickly.

Soil
The tree flourishes in widely divergent soils, from rocky hillsides to deep sand or heavy loam, but must have good drainage. In Nicosia, Cyprus, a large plantation was developed by dynamiting planting holes in caprock underlaid with limestone (pH 9). The carob is not tolerant of acid or wet soils; it is extremely drought-tolerant.

Propagation
Fresh seeds germinate quickly and may be sown directly in the field. Dried, hard seeds need to be scarified or chipped and then soaked in water or dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid solutions until they swell. In Cyprus, seeds are planted in sand and kept wet for 6 weeks or more, periodically sifting out those that have swollen to 3 times normal size. Germination rate may be only 25%. The swollen seeds are traditionally planted in flats and when they produce the second set of leaves they are transferred to small pots. When 12 in (30 cm) tall, they are transplanted to large containers or nursery rows. A recently developed technique is to plant the seeds in 2 halves of clay drainpipes bound together or in plastic tubes packed in deep wooden boxes to accommodate the long taproot. In perhaps a year, the tubes are split and the seedlings are planted in the field in holes made with a post-hole digger. Budding is done when the stem is at least 3/8 in (1 cm) thick.

The shield-budding system is employed, or sometimes a blend of budding and grafting, in February and March in Cyprus, in April, May and June in California and Mexico. Male trees or those that bear poorly are top-worked to productive cultivars.

Culture
The carob grows slowly during the first year. Stem-elongation in young plants has been expedited by application of gibberellin (50 mg/liter monthly, or 25 mg/liter semi-monthly) for 5 months. It is necessary to cut back the taproot 6 months before transferring to the field if the plant is not grown by the tube/post-hole method. Large trees cannot be successfully transplanted.

A good spacing is 30 ft (9 in) apart each way. Most carob growers consider fertilizing unnecessary but the government of Cyprus subsidizes fertilization–so much per tree. Irrigation must be provided in very dry seasons if the tree is grown for its fruits. Budded trees begin to bear in the 6th year from planting. A carob tree may remain productive for 80 to 100 years.

Harvesting
The pods must be harvested before winter rains. They are shaken down by means of a long pole with a terminal hook to grasp the branches. Those that don't fall readily are knocked off with the pole. The pods are caught on canvas sheets laid on the ground. Then they are sun-dried for 1 or 2 days until the moisture content is reduced to 8% or below and then go through a kibbling process–crushing and grading into 4 categories: cubed, medium-kibbled, meal, and seed kernels.

Yield
At 6 years of age, a budded tree in California should yield about 5 lbs (2.25 kg). At 12 years, the crop should be 100 lbs (45 kg). Productivity increases steadily up to 25 or 30 years when the yield may average 200 lbs (90 kg). In Israel individual trees have produced 450 to 550 lbs (204-227 kg) 18 years after grafting. Some ancient trees in the Mediterranean area are reported to have borne 3,000 lbs (1,360 kg) in a season.

Pests and Diseases
In the Mediterranean area, the major pest is the carob moth, Myelois ceratoniae. It lays eggs on the flowers or newly-formed pods and the larvae bore into the pods and ruin them. The larvae of a midge, Asphondylia gennadii, cause stunting of the pods. Some of the best cultivars are resistant to these pests.

In Cyprus, the tree is subject to several scale insects: Aspidiotus ceratoniae, Lecanium sp., Lepidosaphes sp. and the red scale, Aonidiella aurantii. A beetle, Cerambyx velutinus, may bore holes in the trunk. Rats climb the trees, hide among the branches, gnaw the bark until the branches die. Such branches are pruned out twice a year. The only pests reported as attacking carob trees in California are scale insects, including the red scale. Ground squirrels feed on plants under 2 years of age. Pocket gophers are very fond of carob roots, and rabbits and deer graze on the young trees.
Diseases are few. In Cyprus, deformation of young pods may be caused by the fungus Oidium ceratoniae. Cercospora ceratoniae occasionally induces leaf-spotting.

Food Uses
Apart from being chewed as a sweetmeat, carob pods are processed to a cocoa -like flour which is added to cold or heated milk for drinking. It has been combined with wheat flour in making bread or pancakes. A flour made by beating the seeded pods is high in fiber and has been utilized in breakfast foods. The finer flour is also made into confections, especially candy bars. The pods, coarsely ground and boiled in water yield a thick, honey-like sirup, or molasses.

The seeds constitute 10 to 20% of the pod. They yield a tragacanth-like gum (manogalactan), called in the trade "Tragasol", which is an important commercial stabilizer and thickener in bakery goods, ice cream, salad dressings, sauces, cheese, salami, bologna, canned meats and fish, jelly, mustard, and other food products. The seed residue after gum extraction can be made into a starch- and sugar-free flour of 60% protein content for diabetics.

In Germany, the roasted seeds have served as a substitute for coffee. In Spain, they have been mixed with coffee.

It has been demonstrated that the extracted sugars of the pod (sucrose, glucose, fructose and maltose in the ratio 5:1:1:0:7) can be utilized to produce fungal protein. Infusions of the pulp are fermented into alcoholic beverages.
More details: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/carob.html#Pests%20and%20Diseases

Ceratonia siliqua-Carob seeds are available at:

(Min seeds : 50 seeds per pkt)
Seeds are open-pollinated.Organic from Kashmir Himalaya

The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, 

New Coloney Azizabad, 
Via Wuyan-Meej Road, 
Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in



Friday, October 18, 2013

Pyrethrum seeds

Pyrethrum plant

Pyrethrum Himalaya is economically important as a natural source of insecticide. The flowers are pulverized and the active components called pyrethrins, contained in the seed cases, are extracted. Pyrethrins attack the nervous systems of all insects, and inhibit female mosquitoes from biting. When not present in amounts fatal to insects, they still appear to have an insect repellent effect. They are harmful to fish, but are far less toxic to mammals and birds than many synthetic insecticides and are non-persistent, being biodegradable and also breaking down easily on exposure to light.

Common Name : Pyrethrum
Botanical Name : Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerarifolilum 
Plant : The plants bear numerous flower heads which measures 6-9 mm when closed, and 9-12 mm, when open. The involucres consist of 2-3 mm of yellowish or greenish yellow, lanceolate hair bratcs. Each flower head bears a receptacle 4-8 mm in diameter
 
Soil and Climate : Fertile and well–drained soil is the best for growing pyrethrum successfully.
         
Cultivation : Pyrethrum is generally propagated by seed as well as the crop can also be raised vegetative by splits. It is successfully grown in plains through seedling prepared by seed in nursery.
 
Seed rate : Seed 500 gram of seed should be shown in about 50 square meter land for growing nursery for one hectare of land (About 50,000 seedlings).
 
Preparation of fields : For field preparation one two ploughing with mould board plough followed by 2-3 harrowing and planking are required to get a fine tilth.
 
Preparation of Nursery : Two to three harrowing are enough for preparation of seed beds.
 
Manures and fertilizers : Crop responds well to increase level of 60 kg/h Phosphorus.
 
Intercultural : Pyrethrum crop requires weed free condition particularly in the initial stage of establishments.
 
Irrigation : Pyrethrum require irrigation every fortnight from planting to harvesting.
 
Harvesting and drying : Three harvests of flower are obtained as the following continues for 9 months. The crops give poor yield during the first yeas and the optimum yields are obtained only during 2nd and 3rd year.
 
Yield of flower and pyrethrins content : 225-250 kg/ha/year Flower yield and pyrethrins contents in flower depends on agro-climatic condition and cultural practices.

No of seeds 100 seeds/per packet
__________________
The Jammu and Kashmir medicinal Plants Introduction Centre
"Ginkgo House", Nambalbal, 
New Coloney Azizabad, 
Via Wuyan-Meej Road, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mob:09858986794
Ph: 01933-223705
e-mail: jkmpic@gmail.com
home: http://jkmpic.blogspot.in